Friday, January 27, 2023

THE JAINS SAY "MICHCHHAMI DUKKADAM"

                                            



MICHCHHAMI DUKKADAM

(PRATIKRAMAN FOR EVERY ACT OF ATIKRAMAN...) 

This is an ancient Prakrit phrase now a part of Jain philosophy and way of life. It's Sanskrit equivalent is "Mithya me duskrtam" . It is said to convey, " If I have put you to any harm by thoughts ,deeds or words , I seek your forgiveness.."

Emphasis on forgiveness is one of the key aspects of Jaina philosophy and conduct. To arrive at a fair meaning of this phrase, we need to understand Kraman, Atikraman, Pratikraman concepts of Jaina scriptures .

Atikraman implies our aggression towards other living beings through thoughts, speech and action. Kraman implies our neutral actions; actions that do not have any good or bad implications. The Jaina philosophy believes in performing Pratikraman for the Atikraman that was done. Pratikraman is a ritual during which Jains perform prayaschit ( repentance ) for such acts ( committed knowingly or inadvertently during their daily life through thought, speech or action) as have hurt others. Samvatsari is the day which is celebrated by the Jain community people to seek forgiveness from all living beings for sins and faults they may have made, whether deliberately or unknowingly. They also forgive other people on this day who have done anything wrong to them.On the day of this festival, people give donation, do charity and distribute food to the needy people. They even feed the cows, dogs and other animals. They practice the compassion by doing all these things.
Jain people say 'Michhami Dukkadam' to their friends and family members on Samvatsari day.

 And non-violence is the foundation of Jaina way of life. In fact every Jaina ascetic is required to take five major vows and abide by them These vows are :-

Ahimsa (Non-violence)
Satya (Truth)
Asteya (Non-stealing)
Brahmacharya (Chastity)
Aparigraha(Non-possession)

And Lord Mahavira or Vardhamana said this :

"If you cannot tolerate infliction of pain on your body or mind by others' through their words or actions, what right have you to do the same to others through your words and deeds?Do unto others as you would like to be done to you . Injury or violence done by you to any life in any form, animal or human, is as harmful as it would be if caused to your own self."

(Avtar Mota)

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Wednesday, January 25, 2023

MY NEW BOOK " THE ESSAYS THAT MAY CHANGE YOUR BELIEFS’

      
                          

                                         

( Book review by Sri Ashok Ogra published in the Daily Excelsior on 18th February, 2023) 




‘THE ESSAYS THAT MAY CHANGE YOUR BELIEFS’  By Avtar Mota

( Published by Notion Press )

Paperback  Edition  ( Published in January 2023 )

Price ..

(a) India Rs 435/=(  Four  Hundred Thirty Five Only )

(b) USA, Europe and Canada US Dollars 15/=( Fifteen US Dollars Only )

Read to know something new  from these research based essays .The topics covered  in these essays are as under:-

(1)    HISTORY  HAS  BEEN  UNFAIR  TO  EMPEROR  LALITADITYA  MUKTAPIDA  OF  KASHMIR

(2)    DOGRA   RULERS  DIDN’T   INTRODUCE BEGAR IN   KASHMIR

(3)    AUREL STEIN  AND  SRI  RAGHUNATH  TEMPLE  SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPT  LIBRARY, JAMMU

(4)    CAPT  DIWAN  SINGH  ADC TO MAHARAJA  HARI SINGH  OF J&K  SPEAKS ABOUT  THE TURBULENT DAYS OF OCTOBER 1947

(5)    KASHMIRIS  AND  INDIA’S  FREEDOM STRUGGLE 

(6)    KASHMIR’S  CONTRIBUTION  TO  HINDI  CINEMA

(7)    THE BUDDHIST  CONNECTION OF KASHMIR

(8)    ‘TO BARAMULLA TOWN  , THE TRIBAL RAIDERS   OF  1947  DID WHAT NADIR SHAH  HAD  DONE  TO  DELHI

(9)    MIRZA  GHALIB  AND  THE  MESSAGE  OF VEDANTA / UPANISHADS

(10) EROTIC ART IN ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL KASHMIR

(11) BIJU  PATNAIK AND  KASHMIR

(12)  EMPEROR AKBAR’S VISIT TO KASHMIR

(13) SHADIPORA  SANGAM  OR PRAYAAG OF KASHMIR

(14) SOME INTERACTIONS WITH IMMIGRANTS IN MANHATTAN AND JERSEY CITY ,USA

(15) AJIVIKA TRIBE IN KASHMIR

READILY  AVAILABLE  ON AMAZON / FLIPKART  PLATFORMS  AT LINKS GIVEN BELOW

India

https://www.amazon.in/dp/B0BSLNMRM7?&tag=notionpcom-21

https://www.flipkart.com/essays-may-change-your-beliefs/p/itm1b72389782351?pid=9798889513292&affid=editornoti&affid=editornoti

USA

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BSQV9G67

UK

https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0BSQV9G67

France

https://www.amazon.fr/dp/B0BSQV9G67

Canada

https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B0BSQV9G67

Through Pan India  Distributor  Rohit Pandita wef  28th January, 2023.

Available for Rs340/=with  Rohit Pandita  ,Pan  India  Distributor of the book .Please ring up 9596976373 ( 10 am to 10 pm ) any day for immediate courier delivery to any corner of the country   .

At  Kangan Spices , Udhaywala , Jammu wef  28th    January, 2023.

 Available only on cash payment of Rs300/. Contact Shri Ashok Kangan 9419130480

( Avtar Mota )


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Tuesday, January 24, 2023

BOOK REVIEW BECHAIN LAMHE ( URDU ) BY RAJENDRA PATWARI ' NASHAD '

                                                                                  




 

 

BOOK REVIEW

BECHAIN LAMHE …( Afsanavi Majmua,  Urdu ) by Rajendra Patwari ‘Nashad ‘

Publisher …GNK Publications , Budgam , Kashmir

Price Rs250/=( Two Hundred  Fifty Rupees )

 Year of Publication… 2022( March )

 

Rajendra Patwari ( born 1943 ) is known as artist of J&K UT .Born in Sopore , the apple town of Kashmir , he was brought up in Srinagar city where he completed his college education. Having  graduated from J J School  of Art ,Mumbai .  He served in various senior positions  at  the Institute of Music And Fine Arts Jammu and Srinagar .He also served as officer on Special Duty  at the  Lalit Kala Akademi , New Delhi.  He considers  artist Mohan Raina as his first Guru in painting.  Apart from being an artist, he is also a well known Urdu writer who uses ‘Nashad ‘as his pseudonym.Since 1965, his Urdu short stories have been published in various magazines and journals of the country .He has also written plays and serials for Radio and Doordarshan  respectively . he has also written many radio features and some plays in Kashmiri for Doordarshan’s  Kasheer channel.His book, ‘Yaas o Hiraas’ ,a collection of Urdu Nazms and gazals was well received .

The book under review comprises of 174 pages  covering 27 short stories .Some prominent  short stories in this compilation could be listed as Master Ji ,Thapad Ki Goonj, Woh Mere Apne ,Bechain Lamhe, Ghar Vaapsi, Ghode ke Daai Qadam, Vazeefa , Chashm-deed Gawaah,Noora, Saaneha Oss Ek Raat Ka ,Dard Apna Apna,Sadak Ke Doosri Aur, ,Pathron Ki Aad Mein, Khadsha,Fitrat,Vazeefa and Ek Masoom Sawaal etc. Most of these stories revolve around  Kashmirii Pandits , a community that faced the wrath of  Pakistan sponsored armed insurgency in Kashmir and had to leave their homes and hearths in 1990 to save their lives and honour. Some stories have been written with Mumbai as the background. This could be because the author spent many years in that city as well. Some stories give reflection of the author’s own life . Some stories also revolve around human nature and psychology apart from projecting contemporary social issues.

 

Coming to the stories in specific , the author has skillfully used his story Akas   to convey ill effects  of certain government  policies.  In the  story Akas ,  reservation  in employment hits a poor talented applicant from poor Brahmin family who is unable to  get a job in the game of quotas and reservation  percentages . Master Ji is  a story based  on migration of Kashmiri Pandits from the valley .A Hindu teacher  in Kashmir devotes his  post retirement life to free  teaching of  poor students. His students are  mostly from the Muslim community .This coaching helps the local  Sarpanch’s son to pass his final examination after many years of repeated failures. The Sarpanch and his son travel to  Jammu with a pure intention  to thank Master Ji . They succeed in tracing  Master Ji’s family  in a refugee camp and come to know that Master Ji is no more. Ghar Vaapsi is another story based on migration of Kashmiri Pandits from their motherland and the desire of a person to return to his homeland. As he returns to his home which is occupied by his friend and neighbour , he is confronted by a young boy who refuses his entry  or  presence. The young boy  appears to have been exposed to  religious radicalism  .

In the story Apna Apna Dard, the author traces the plight of  the  Kashmiri Pandits  when the armed militancy first arrived in the valley . The initial signals of  impending death and destruction  were turned down by  many elderly Pandits who brushed them aside as figments of imagination . These Pandits thought that their neighbours would always come to their protection in the event of any adverse situation. Never ever in their wild dreams could they  think about leaving their motherland to save their lives and honour.  In the story , this belief and trust is suddenly torn to pieces when a  young   Kashmiri Pandit boy is shot dead by armed terrorists and no neighbour comes to the rescue of his family. The story appears to be based on some true incident. Such incidents have been witnessed by many families .The story brings a painful reminder of what befell a peace loving community .

In another story titled, “Pyaase Honth”, the author raises the issue of painful deaths in the wake of Covid 19 epidemic wherein even  funeral rites could also not be performed in proper manner . In the story Vazeefa , the author raises question of  the  reservation policy and its implementation by the government whereby  benefits  don’t reach the real deserving  people . In the story Shanakht ( Identity ), the author  touches the issue of rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits and the cumbersome procedure for grant of  Domicile Certificates . The story “Message”deals with a complex issue of  grandchild and his grandfather during the Covid 19 pandemic . The child uses mobile phone to communicate with his grandfather who is under isolation in another room of the same building . The grandfather has forgotten to change the calendar page that the child changes after silently  slipping into his room when he is in his toilet  and the new jean of the grandfather  hanging on the door, turns useless due to countrywide lock out .

The Modern story does not strictly adhere to the traditional thumb rule of all the five ingredients like plot, character, setting, conflict, and theme. Even the greatest story tellers the world over have since dispensed with these strict norms .  Rajendra Patwari also uses modern technique and style to   convey  moving tales of human existence with  empathy, deep  observation and  truthfulness. In this compilation under review ,there are stories that raise contemporary issues , issues of loneliness,  unemployment , government policies, poverty , Covid19,apart from major issue of exile and migration of Kashmiri Pandits from their homes and hearths. These stories are meant for wider reading .The stories present the author as an accomplished writer,  who with his keen observation, gripping narration  and sensitive portrayal keeps the reader glued to the book . I wish the book had been translated into English or published in Devnagari for wider reading. I recommend this collection to all especially the younger generation who may also get a fair idea and glimpse of facts and events of our recent past along with a broader view of the issues facing the common man in general and the exiled community in particular .

 

( Avtar Mota )

 

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Based on a work at http:\\autarmota.blogspot.com\.

Friday, January 20, 2023

MY MINI POEM, " SUGGESTIONS OF FRIENDS"

                                  
                                                    ( At Hudson River Front , Jersey City) 


A MINI POEM.....

I wrote this poem yesterday ," Doston Ke Sujhaav"......



(Doston ke Sujhaav)

" Har ek yaar yehi kehta hai
Baat ghuma kar hi bolo
Kyon qatil ki baat kare ho
Oss se bacha kar hi bolo
Sneh ,ritu, duniya ya mazhab
Kitne aur vishay hain yaar,
Apni vyatha ko rehne hi do 
Oss ko chhupa kar hi bolo"

( Avtar Mota)


My English rendering is as under:-



( Suggestions of my friends)


(Every friend advises me this:-
"Twist your words , don't say what is true.
Why talk about killers?
Talk anything except their deeds .
Love, seasons. world affairs or religion,
Aren't such issues worth discussion? 
Keep aside the story of suffering ,
Talk anything except your saga of pain .)

( Avtar Mota)




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CHINAR SHADE by Autarmota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.
Based on a work at http:\\autarmota.blogspot.com\.

Tuesday, January 10, 2023

GOOD BYE PROF. RAHMAN RAHI

                                              



EK AAKHRI CHIRAAG THA  WOH BHI NAHIN RAHA..... RAHMAN RAHI...(1925-2023)

Prof Rahman Rahi,  Jnanpith awardee Kashmiri poet is no more . He was the last surviving pillar  amongst the progressives of the previous century. After Nadim, he was the  second tall poet who brought  modern sensibilities while retaining the basic rootedness of Kashmiri poetry. He was well educated, well informed and an excellent  communicator . His education and general awareness helped him   to bring new imagery, new metaphor and a variety of  subjects  into Kashmiri poetry.  Apart from romance,  existential dilemma   , loneliness,   Intense communication remained his  poetic skill and  style. His poetry found immediate connect with a  common Kashmiri .

I saw him quite often in Mushairas. He would be seen in the  college and at many places in Srinagar. I met him twice , once  in Srinagar and thereafter when came to Jammu  for  public viewing of the film  on his life and work  by M K Raina . It was an excellent job done by M K Raina for  Sahitya Akademi.  In his address at Abhinav Theatre , Jammu, he said this:-

" This bad time created two halves of the Kashmiri soul. One half lives in the valley and the other half in the heat and dust of the  plains of our country  ."

 After the  function was over, I met him and  touched the issue of halving of the Kashmiri  soul . In his reply ,he added this:-

" There is a greater tragedy. We have acute scarcity of men who shall stand up and fix these halves." 

The turmoil of Kashmir got reflected in his work more as helplessness of the common man trapped in something like  'Catch 22' situation and also as loss of culture and  ethological changes brought in by widespread violence  .

"Hochha-mietch kolli phaett luuk vanav Kass
Bochhi bochhi tsop assi gaar vanav kyaah"

( We  drowned in a river that had since dried up,
Should we tell that we ate grass to satiate  our  hunger.)

There will be none like Rahi . His metaphor, his style and his vocabulary will be missed in Kashmiri poetry. I love his songs especially ,' Su Gulaab royi deuthum, Bael titi -chha meti mokh haavakh, Kaethi myaani maashoqa mataa Dita dol ,  Rang tseti an myaan jawaani, Shroin yeli kor taem roni damaanas,Zinda rozaana baapat chhi maraan luuk ,Dil chhu praanein kathan sanaan bazay  and some more.  He wrote  ( Hee Maej Kasheeri )the official anthem of Kashmir University, called the KU Tarana.
The  painful sight of crumbling and ghost like vacant houses belonging to Kashmiri Pandits who were forced to leave Kashmir valley  can't be better described except through Rahman Rahi's poetic lines. I quote him :-

" Na chhu daa'ri   alaa'n  pardh'a   na chhu braandh'a   dazaan Tso'ng,
Vaavus  Chhu dapaan kaaw  tse  moloom karakh na....."

(Neither is there any movement in the window curtain,
Nor does any lamp burn in the courtyard.
Puzzled, the crow requests the wind to move in and enquire..)

He received Sahitya Akademi Award in 1961 for his poetry collection" Nawroz-i-Saba"  and got the Padma-Shri in 2000.He received the  Jnanpith award -- in 2007 for his collection ‘Siyah Rood Jaeren Manz’ (In  the Black Drizzle).

Peace be to your soul Rahi Sahib. Your admirers in the length and breadth of the country will miss you. 

( Avtar Mota )


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Sunday, January 8, 2023

THE INFLUENCE OF YOG-VASISHTHA AND ITS KASHMIR CONNECTION

                                                                   

                               ( A portrait of Dara Shikoh held by British Museum , London )
 

 

THE INFLUENCE OF YOG VASISHTHA
 

“ O! One with a great intellect ( Sri Rama)! There is nothing in the three worlds, which cannot be obtained through a steadfast (unagitated, unperturbed, calm) efforts. Raghunandana! Everything in this world, at all times, can be obtained by everyone through proper (diligent) efforts.”…......Yog Vasishtha
 
 
Vasishtha Yog Samhita or Yog Vasishtha is named after sage Vasishtha who is mentioned and revered in the seventh book of the Rigveda, and who was called as the first sage of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy by Adi Shankara.It is believed to have been compiled by Valmiki Rishi author of Ramayana .It has been translated into Persian, English , Russian , French, Portuguese , Latvian, Tamil , Telgu ,Bangla, Gujrat, Marathi and many other languages. .It is a philosophical treatise that covers subjects like Jivan Mukta ( libertaed person ),Nirvana ( liberation ),Gyan Prakasha ( Light of Knowledge ), Atman ( Soul), Brahman ( the all powerful reality ), Śubhecchā (longing for the Truth), Turīya (perpetual samādhi), Vicāraṇa (right inquiry), Asaṃsakti (unaffected by anything): , Padārtha abhāvana (sees Brahman everywhere), Sattvāpatti (attainment of sattva, "reality"), Tanumānasa (attenuation – or thinning out – of mental activities) etc. The books discussing these issues are known as Mumukshuvayahara-prakaranam (Exposition of the behavior of the seeker), Sthiti-prakaranam (Exposition of the existence and settling), Utpatti-prakaranam (Exposition of the arising and birth) Upashama-prakaranam (Exposition of the patience and tranquility) and Vairagya-prakaranam (Exposition of dispassion).
 
Yog Vasishtha consists of six books and about 29000 verses. Within these six books are stories told by sage Vasishtha in the form of a dialogue with Sri Rama. When Sri Rama realizes the futility of existence and the misery it brings with itself, he is struck with sorrow. When he seeks refuge in Rishi Vasishtha, the enlightened Rishi takes him to the pinnacle of truth through a dialogue between the two that later was captured in the scripture, Yoga Vasishtha. The timeless dialogue interspersed with deep philosophical stories brings out astounding truths about existence to destroy Sri Rama’s sorrow. 
 
The six books comprising of the Yog Vasishtha unfold the major Yogic and Hindu philosophical and religious themes. According to Yoga Vasishtha, happiness visits a human being should he sincerely work for it. His action or effort must always be in four components. These components of effort are, Samo (quietude of mind), Vichara ( spirit of Enquiry), Santosha ( contentment ) and Satsang (the company of the realized ones). The philosophy of Yoga Vasishtha says that true happiness resides in our nature. And our true nature is beyond pain and pleasure. Pain and pleasure are reactions that arise from our cravings and bind our consciousness. These Verses have a philosophical foundation similar to those found in Advaita Vedanta. It is a treatise on the universe, the human mind, Maya, Brahman and the principles of non-duality.
 
According to Yog Vasishtha , the world is as real as a mirage. In other words, it does not exist! Modern physics seems to agree. A 2017 CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) study observes a complete symmetry between matter and anti-matter in the universe. So, all the anti-matter in the universe should have cancelled the matter in the universe, which further suggests that the universe should not exist in the first place. Rishi Vasishtha explains this mind-boggling truth when Sri Rama asks him where does the world go during dissolution. To this query , Rishi Vasishtha says this :- 
 
“Water in the mirage does not come into being and go out of existence; even so, this world does not come out of the absolute nor does it go anywhere. The creation of the world has no cause, and therefore it has no beginning. It does not exist even now; how can it reach destruction?”
 
Apart from Hindus and many western writers and philsophers ,many Muslims have also been lovers of Yog Vasishtha .Dara Shikoh was not only a lover of Upanishads but more profoundly a lover of Yog Vasishtha .The message and fame of Yog Vasishtha reached the Safavids of Iran. In the late sixteenth century , Nizam-ud-Din Panipati translated Yog Vasishtha into Persian and the translation came to be known as Jug-Basisht. In fact he did so at the specific request of Jalaluddin Akbar and dedicated his translation to Prince Salim ( later Jahangir ). Akbar had heard about Yog Vasishtha from many Brahmins whom he met. Akbar also became an admirer and lover of Yog Vasishtha . The Safavid-era mystic Mir Findiriski (d. 1641) also got a translated copy of Jug- Basisht and commented upon its various passages. Mirza Abdul Qadir Bedil (1642-1720), a Sufi poet of the Indian School known as ‘Sabk e Hindi’ was a lover of Yog.Vasishtha. Dr Gopi Chand Narang, the well-known scholar and authority on Ghalib writes this :-
 
“ Ghalib was highly influenced by the Persian poetry of Mirza Abdul Qadir Bedil ( 1642-1720 ). Bedil was a lover of Upanishads and had with him a Persian translation of “Yog Vasishtha” that he read and that influenced his thought ."
 
It may not be out of place to mention that Sultan Zain ul Abdin of Kashmir, fondly known as Budshah was also a lover of Yoga Vasishtha. It was Sanskrit scholar and his court historian Srivara who read passages from ‘Yog Vasishtha ‘ and explained these to the liberal Sultan.
 
I end with some quotes from Yog Vasishtha :-
 
(1) When pots, etc. are broken the space within them becomes unlimited. So also when bodies cease to exist the Self remains eternal and unattached.
(2) Whatever is seen does not truly exist. It is like the mythical city of Gandharvas or a mirage. That which is not seen, though within us, is called the eternal and indestructible Self.
(3) The world is full of misery to an ignorant man and full of bliss to a wise man. The world is dark to a blind man and bright to one who has eyes.
(4) Just as the cloth, when investigated, is seen to be nothing but thread, so also this world, when enquired into, is (seen to be) merely the Self.
(5) He who realizes that the whole universe is really nothing but consciousness and remains quite calm is protected by the armour of Brahman; he is happy.
(6) Just as a crystal is not stained by what is reflected in it, so also a knower of truth is not really affected by the result of his acts.
(7) He who neither likes nor dislikes the objects seen by him and who acts (in the world) like one asleep, is said to be a liberated person.
(8) O Rama, the mind has, by its own activity, bound itself; when it is calm it is free.
(9) The mind is bound by the latent impressions (Vasanas). When there are no impressions it is free. Therefore, O Rama, bring about quickly, through discrimination, the state in which there are no impressions..
(10) O Raghava ! You are bound firmly on all sides by the idea, I am the body’. Cut that bond by the sword of knowledge ‘I am Consciousness’ and be happy.
 
 
This vast work was summarized some centuries ago by Gauda Abhinanda ( also known as Abhinanda Pandita ), a Kashmiri scholar, into 6,000 couplets, which go by the name of Laghu Yoga Vasishtha.
 
( Avtar Mota)


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Wednesday, January 4, 2023

NORMAN PARKINSON'S DAL LAKE PHOTOS THAT APPEARED IN 'VOGUE'

                                                                






                                                                



NORMAN  PARKINSON'S   DAL  LAKE  PHOTOS  THAT  APPEARED IN 'VOGUE'

 

Norman Parkinson( 1913-1990 ) was a renowned  fashion photographer from UK who was employed as fashion and portrait photographer by  VOGUE ( fashion magazine ). He was known  for taking outdoor shots of celebrities of his time who were otherwise photographed in the closed environment of studios . In 1956, Vogue owners directed him to visit India and create an ‘ India Photo Collection’ for readers .He travelled from Chennai to Kashmir and clicked  some fantastic pictures  with  his  models with a total    Indian ambiance and background .  Some  popular pictures that appeared later  in VOGUE   related to Kashmir’s famous  Dal Lake with his model  Barbara Mullen .He used boats , Shikaras , lotus  flowers, Shikaras for creating proper ambiance  for his shots .Apart from this ,  he made good use of  the vastness of the lake and  Hari Parbat fort in the background .

 

 

( Avtar Mota )

 

Creative Commons LicenseCHINAR SHADE by Autarmota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.
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