Wednesday, November 5, 2025

LATTER DAY SAINTS (MORMONS) AND THE SALT LAKE CITY IN UTAH (USA)

                                           



                                         























          
                                           













                                                                             
                    (The Church History Museum)


MORMONS  AND THE  SALT LAKE CITY IN UTAH (USA)


In North America, during the early 1800s, many people led by Joseph  Smith embraced a new creed in Christianity which emphasised visions, dreams, and what they called spiritual gifts. The sect headed by Joseph Smith who, as they believed, had a vision of Jesus in a forest sometime in 1820. The sect later came to be known as Mormons or members of the 'Church of   Latter Day Saints'. The followers of this Church believe that the restoration of the Gospel of Jesus through  Joseph Smith brought light and truth to a world in darkness. Joseph Smith also translated the ancient Book of Mormon. The Mormons believe that Joseph Smith had many interactions with Moroni, the heavenly messenger. They believe in God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost as distinct beings, and they consider the Bible, the Book of Mormon, and other scriptures to be the word of God. Core beliefs include eternal families, modern prophets, and salvation through faith in Jesus and righteous living. Adherents follow the "Word of Wisdom," a health code that advises against alcohol, tobacco, and coffee/tea. They accept the Bible and supplement it with additional scriptures, including the Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of Great Price.


The Book of Mormon states, “Black and white, bond and free, male and female; … all are alike unto God” (2 Nephi 26:33). This is the Church’s official teaching. People of all races have always been welcomed and baptised into the Church since its beginning. In fact, by the end of his life in 1844, Joseph Smith, the founding prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, opposed slavery..


Joseph Smith married Emma Hale in 1827. Joseph Smith organised the Church of Christ in Pennsylvania in 1830  for his followers, baptising them, including his parents. The sect of  'Latter Day Saints' moved to Missouri. However, in Missouri, they were officially exterminated by the order of the Governor calling them enemies. Many Latter-day Saints were killed by militiamen. Joseph Smith and many of his followers were put in Jail. After being directed to move away to some other area, Joseph  Smith and his followers shifted to Illinois. They named this new place Nauvoo and built their Temple. However, here again the sect faced violent attacks. In 1846, the Latter Day Saints community started leaving Illinois. Finally, they arrived at a desert in Utah and created Salt Lake City. 


Salt Lake City was founded in 1847 by a group of Mormon pioneers led by Brigham Young, the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The early Mormons were fleeing religious persecution in the eastern United States, especially from Illinois and Missouri. They were in search of some remote place where they could practice their religion freely without any hostility. Brigham Young found Utah an ideal place, and the fleeing Mormon caravan settled in this area. They began building Salt Lake City immediately upon arrival in July 1847.


In Salt Lake City (Utah), the Mormons started from agriculture and transformed this arid zone into a bowl of cash crops. Later,  they invested in industries and mining. The Temple Square created in the heart of Salt Lake City has a Museum, Church ( under repairs at present ), a huge Choir house, a Park, Statues and a library. While the grounds are open to the public, the temple building itself is currently closed for seismic renovation and can only be entered by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or Mormons.


THE TEMPLE  SQUARE  IN SALT LAKE CITY 

Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, is the spiritual\ and historical heart of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and it's also one of Utah’s most visited tourist destinations.. The Temple Square has the Iconic granite temple, built over 40 years (1853–1893). On the day of our visit, the Temple was under extensive renovation, so entry for visitors was closed. We were told that renovations shall be completed in May or June 2026. We also visited the Tabernacle, the home of the renowned  Tabernacle Choir (formerly Mormon Tabernacle Choir).

There was a pin drop silence inside, and we were told that free organ recitals and sometimes choir rehearsals are open to the public.
Another building that we saw in the Temple Square is the Assembly Hall, a beautiful Gothic-style building completed in 1882. and used for concerts, devotionals, and public events. This building is surrounded by beautiful flower gardens. Another building worth seeing is the Conference Centre. It is a spacious, modern building that seats 21,000+ people. It is used for the annual General Conference.  It has beautiful artwork, a rooftop garden, and free guided tours.

One of the impressive and most visited buildings in the Temple Square is the Church History Museum, which houses Interactive and informative exhibits about LDS Church history, pioneer life, and more.

Opposite to the Museum is the  FamilySearch Library (formerly Family History Library), a world-renowned centre for genealogy researchThe massive digital and microfilm records are there to trace one's family tree.
A team of helpful volunteers and staff guide the visitors in uploading and searching. Then there are the  Temple Square Gardens, which are full of seasonal flowers, fountains, and shaded walkways.
Apart from these structures, the Temple Square has statues and monuments connected with the Church of Latter-day Saints.



(Salt Lake City )
(Salt Lake City )
During the days of our visit, in the last week of August 2025, a conference of youth of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was in progress in Salt Lake City. We saw the young and smiling participants from all corners of the world in Salt Lake  City. We saw them in restaurants, on the streets, in parks, museums, and at other public spaces.


The city was laid out using a grid system, centred around Temple Square. It took them 40 years to complete the buildings in Temple  Square. They built irrigation systems, farms, and roads, transforming the arid desert into a livable and thriving area.

Temple Square originally referred to the single square block on which the temple stood, but today it refers to a 35-acre area, including the original block in which with the Temple, Tabernacle, Assembly Hall, and Visitors Centers are located; the city block to the east—the site of several historic residences, the  Joseph Smith Memorial Building, and the Relief Society Building and Church Office Building; and areas to the north and west where the Museum of Church History And Art, the Family Search Library, and the Conference Centre are located. In 2001, the original Temple Square block was connected to the block due east by a pedestrian plaza that includes a reflecting pool. The Church History Museum is the premier museum operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It is located in Salt Lake City, Utah, and is opposite the west gates of the church's Temple Square.The museum contains collections of art, artifacts, documents, photographs, tools, clothing and furniture from the almost two-century history of the LDS Church. It was dedicated and opened on April 4, 1984.

Salt Lake City became the headquarters of the LDS Church and the cultural heart of Mormonism. Today, it’s the capital of Utah and a major city in the western U.S., with a diverse population and economy beyond its religious roots. 


( Avtar Mota)








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KAL TARAN GURU NANAK AAYA

                                    




Kal Taran Guru Nanak Aaya 

"Kal Taran Guru Nanak Aaya" is mentioned in Vaaran Bhai Gurdas Ji. Bhai Gurdas was a prominent figure in the Sikh history. He   was  maternal uncle and also disciple of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Sikh Guru.  Vaaran  Bhai Gurdas is a collection of poems that interpret   the teachings of the Sikh Gurus.

"Parbrahm Pooran Brahm,
Kaljug Andar Ik Dikhaya
Chaare Pair Dharm De,
Chaar Varan Ik Varan Karaya
Rana Rank Brabari,
Pairi Pavana Jag Vartaya
Ulta Khel Piramm Da,
Paira Upar Sees Nivaya"

.......Kal taran Guru Nanak Aaya 

This Shabd has been sung in a soulful voice by Ragi Samund Singh Ji.Ragi Samund Singh Ji was  trained in Indian Classical Music. Before 1947, he used to sing at Gurudwara Janamasthaan Sahib now in Pakistan. Jiwan Lal Mattoo composer and musician held him in highest esteem. It was Jiwan Lal Mattoo , the then Head of Music Section at AIR Lahore who brought him to Radio Lahore for recording his Shabd- Kirtan. His Shabd- Kirtan lies preserved in the  AIR archives to this day . His Shabd Kirtan is also  included in the film Nanak Naam Jahaaz hai   .

GURU NANAK DEV JI KE PRAKASH  UTSAV KI  LAKHON   BADHAIYAAN.

( Avtar Mota )





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CHINAR SHADE by Autarmota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.
Based on a work at http:\\autarmota.blogspot.com\.

Sunday, November 2, 2025

GENUINE AND HALF-BAKED INTELLECTUALISM

                                    

    ( Dr Raghuvira , Polyglot, scholar extraordinary and highly respected intellectual across cultures ..Father of Dr Lokesh Chandra ) 
                                           
 (Dr Lokesh Chandra , Polyglot, scholar extraordinary and highly respected intellectual across cultures ..Son  of Dr Raghu Vira   ) 

READERS, AUTHORS  , COPY PASTE WRITERS  , HALF-BAKED INTELLECTUALS  AND GENUINE SCHOLARS .

Reader's And Writers 

The calibre of readers can directly  influence the type of content that gets created and consumed. When readers prioritise sensationalism or simplistic content, writers  feel pressured to cater to those demands. However, a few exceptional writers can  elevate their audience's expectations and tastes, inspiring readers to engage with more complex and thought-provoking ideas.It's a dynamic interplay between the two, where each can influence and elevate the other.

Copy Paste  Writers 

The traditional role of writers was to move the “pursuit of knowledge” forward so that more and more people join in separating  the chaff from the grain. Unfortunately,  Information Technology has brought  us to a point where enormous  information and knowledge  are openly available .  Many people  , skilled in the art of copy paste methodology  curate it  and provide us with a bite sized understanding of issues and subjects.  Quite often , the information so curated may not be authentic and reliable creating a lack of credibility of the writer .

Half-baked Intellectuals

The greatest threat and disservice  to history , literature and opinion formation comes from the breed of half-baked intellectuals . They  demonstrate lack depth,  pretension of    expertise,  lack rigorous research , lack intellectual honesty, surface level jargon, oversimplification of complex issues ,  a style of making simple issues complex, tendency to use knowledge as weapon,refusal to accept ignorance,   lack genuine understanding , lack of conceptual clarity , lack of critical thinking, superficial knowledge, arrogance , dogmatic thinking, selective reading, using abstractness as shield,  lack of self-awareness, lack of  serious study , a mind with preset notions ,  total reliance on translations of others,  appropriation, balancing of information, being politically correct, lack of courage of conviction and  out of context projection of issues .Half baked intellectuals  often fail to recognise their own limitations or biases, leading to a lack of personal growth or intellectual humility. Reading Half- baked intellectuals gives one nothing more than a surface understanding of life.

For  historians, knowing the language of their source materials is highly beneficial to them for expanding their horizon and also for their conceptual clarity  . It allows them  to interpret accurately, contextualise and  analyse critically . Dr Lokesh Chandra interpreted Korean, Mongolian and Tibetan texts / manuscripts only after he mastered  all the three language.  And when he tried to interpret  some Persian, Arabic and Latin texts, he again mastered all the three languages. This earned him respect, credibility and  global readers. Similar is the story of his father , Dr Raghu Vira 



( Avtar Mota )

                                

Dr. Raghu Vira father of Dr Lokesh Chandra was regarded as perhaps the most erudite figure in the Constituent Assembly of India. He was a great Sanskrit scholar plus a polyglot who could not just speak and write in nine Indian and seven European languages, but also deliver learned oration and conduct debates in them. He went on a study tour of China and came back convinced that the ‘Hindi- Chini bhai bhai’ policy was based on an illusion and that China was going to emerge as India’s biggest problem as it has hegemonic intentions. Nehru strongly disagreed which ultimately lead to him to parting  Nehru's company  in 1961, a year before the Chinese attack.

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CHINAR SHADE by Autarmota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.
Based on a work at http:\\autarmota.blogspot.com\.

Friday, October 31, 2025

A VISIT TO STATEN ISLAND, NEW YORK

                                                      
                                                         

                                            


                                       


                                              
                                           







  ( Avtar Mota on the deck of Staten Island Ferry)







   ( Statue of Liberty from the Ferry 's deck)






         ( Children's Museum in Staten Island )


A VISIT TO STATEN ISLAND, NEW YORK

Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York and is located at the juncture of Upper and Lower New York Bays. It is geographically separated from the rest of New York City and connected by bridges to New Jersey and Brooklyn, as well as via the free Staten Island Ferry to Manhattan.


THE FREE FERRY

                                           



Widely used for to and fro transportation, the free 'Staten Island Ferry ' is the transportation of choice to arrive at the Island. The  Free Staten Island Ferry starts from  the Whitehall Terminal in Lower Manhattan, located at 1 Whitehall Street. One  can come to this place by subway to the "South Ferry" station  which happens to be the last stop on the 1 train. One can also  walk through Battery Park.The ferry is free, and one  need not buy any  ticket to ride. The ferry can accomodate plus 5000 passengers . So no need to run and rush through. Be  careful of people near the terminal who try to sell you tickets. They are scammers.The ferries run 24/7, 365 days a year, typically every 30 minutes, though this can be more frequent during rush hour.Ride duration: The trip takes about 25 minutes each.  The ferry gives excellent views of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and the Manhattan skyline. If one  wants to go for the ferry ride only and not to the Island , one   needs to disembark and board another ferry for return to Manhattan.. That is the rule as ferries don't run continuously for to and from journey.
                                   





 
THE VERRAZZANO-NARROWS BRIDGE
                                     



The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (1964) has made the borough a functional part of New York City. Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, a suspension bridge that spans the strait of the same name and links the lower and upper parts of New York Bay, was named after Giovanni Da Verrazano, an Italian explorer and the first European navigator to enter both the Hudson River and New York Bay. Its construction was completed in 1964, and from then until 1981, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world, with its 1,298 meters in length. It currently ranks seventh, even though it remains the longest in the U.S. For now, the only time pedestrians are allowed on the bridge is during the New York City Marathon.

ISLAND'S  PAST 

                                                
  ( About 360 years old cottage in Staten Island )

 

The island was inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans for thousands of years before the Dutch colonists arrived in the 17th century. The Lenapes saw their first “white man” around 1500 AD when the colonists came to North America. First sighted by Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524, the Island remained populated mainly by the  native Indians until about 1630, when the Dutch attempted to establish settlements there. Called Staaten Eylandt by the Dutch. The native Indians, feeling threatened, blocked each attempt the  settlers made at Island.The disputes were finally settled, and in 1661, the Dutch established a lasting colony called Oude Dorp, or Old Town, near South Beach. The Lenapes began trading with the colonists and received metals such as iron, copper, and brass that were used for tools and weapons.After the Dutch, the British colonists took hold of the island. 

Staten Island was also known as Richmond. In fact, it was officially named the County of Richmond in 1683, when the English established the province of New York. The name "Richmond" was used for the island until 1975, when the New York City Council officially changed the name to Staten Island. The island officially became one of New York City's boroughs in 1898, though it was known as the Borough of Richmond until 1975. Residents nicknamed it” the forgotten borough" as they felt neglected by the city government. 

For many years, it was used by the municipality as a landfill area, but presently this garbage dumping has been stopped, and a 2,200-acre public park, nearly three times the size of Central Park, has come up over the landfill. Staten Island is home to several art galleries like , Newhouse Centre for Contemporary Art, Art on the Terrace Gallery, Hub 17, Black-Book-studios, College of Staten Island Art Gallery, Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art, Lenny's Creations,  and South Beach Art & Design Studio. These galleries offer a glimpse into Staten Island's vibrant art scene.

With about 500000 residents, this 155 sq km island is still thinly populated. The striking feature of this island that any visitor observes is its Suburban ambience with independent houses, lesser traffic, greenery and parks. Staten Island doesn't have any skyscrapers, defined as buildings 330 feet or taller. However, it does have a few notable tall buildings, particularly in the North Shore, like Parkview House Apartments, Sunrise Tower, The View and Corporate Commons. The Old Church of St. Joachim and St. Anne is believed to be the tallest building on the island, although the borough government estimated 185 Castleton Park Tower as the tallest in 2015.

 Staten Island has a significant Italian-American population with around 175,000 residents claiming Italian ancestry.  The Italian-American influence is evident in Staten Island's culture, food, and traditions, making it a unique and vibrant part of the island's identity. The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, was partially filmed in Staten Island. The Island’s Italian-American community and authentic neighbourhood provided an ideal backdrop for the film's early scenes.

In view of the Island's rich history, beautiful parks, and cultural attractions, there are some places of interest for every visitor like , Staten Island Museum, Snug Harbour Cultural Centre, High Rock Park, Staten Island Zoo, Historic Richmond, Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art and the beautiful South Beach.

 

There are many libraries in Staten Island. One can list them as New York Public Library (NYPL branch ), St. George Library Centre, Tottenville Branch Library, Huguenot Park Branch Library and West New Brighton Branch Library. These libraries provide access to books, technology, and community programmes. There are 5 performing theatres on the island showcasing local talent and community productions. Some popular cinema halls of the Island are Atrium Stadium Cinemas, Alamo Drafthouse Cinema, AMC DINE-IN and Regal Bricktown Charleston.

 

Some prominent personalities from Staten Island who have made a mark in various field are, Christina Aguilera (Grammy-winning pop singer), Wu-Tang Clan (Hip-hop group with members like RZA, GZ), Gene Simmons ( bassist ), Pete Davidson (comedian ), Joan Baez (folk music icon), Alyssa Milano (actress ), Bobby Flay(celebrity chef ), Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward (both Oscar-winning actors ), Rick Schroder(actor ), and 50 Cent( rapper).

                                     


     





The Asian population ( about 60000) is the fourth-largest racial/ethnic group on Staten Island, following White, Hispanic, and African- American populations. A notable Chinese community has formed an enclave in the eastern part of the island, particularly in areas like New Dorp and Midland Beach.There are many  Indian food restaurants in Staten Island . Some popular places could be listed as Masala Harbor ,Dosa Garden, Taj Mahal Indian Restaurant, Taste of India II, Flame Indian Grill, Basil Indian & Thai Cuisine, Randiwa and some more .


(Avtar Mota)


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